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1.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 90(1): 53-56, ene.-jun. 2022. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1393246

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los infartos cerebelosos suponen una entidad rara con una incidencia baja del total de ictus isquémicos. El territorio más prevalente de los infartos cerebelosos son los de la arteria cerebelosa posterior inferior (PICA). Cuando los infartos se limitan al cerebelo, los pacientes típicamente experimentan síntomas no específicos, esto hace considerar otros diagnósticos de forma errónea. Descripción del caso clínico: paciente femenina de 54 años, con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, quien presentaba cefalea insidiosa y progresiva acompañado de vértigo, alteración en la marcha y deterioro progresivo del estado de conciencia. Se realizó imagen de Resonancia Magnética Cerebral (IRM), la cual reveló zonas hiper intensas bilaterales en región cerebelosa que delimitaban territorio vascular de la arteria cerebelosa posterior inferior además dilatación moderada del sistema ventricular. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente, realizándose craniectomía suboccipital descompresiva; posterior a la cirugía presentó mejoría clínica. Conclusiones: El ictus isquémico cerebeloso bilateral es una forma infrecuente de ictus y su presentación clínica es muy diversa. El desarrollo de las neuroimágenes, juegan un papel importante para ayudar a los médicos a seleccionar el tratamiento adecuado. Alrededor de la mitad de los pacientes con infartos cerebelosos que presentan deterioro neurológico progresivo y son tratados con craniectomía suboccipital descompresiva tienen buenos resultados. El pilar fundamental de este caso fue el hacer un diagnóstico temprano de esta entidad, ya que permitió prevenir las posibles complicaciones graves asociadas al infarto cerebeloso, las cuales ocurren durante la primera semana del ictus y, por lo tanto, asegurar un pronóstico favorable para el paciente...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cerebellum/blood supply , Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery/diagnosis , Arteries , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery/complications , Early Diagnosis
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(1): 109-112, Jan.-Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977412

ABSTRACT

Abstract The report describes a case of peri-operative stroke that presented as diplopia and gait difficulty on 2nd post-operative day after routine orchidopexy under spinal anesthesia in an otherwise healthy young boy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed acute infarct in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, left half of medulla and left thalamus. A diagnosis of acute stroke (infarct) was made and patient was started on oral aspirin 75 mg.day-1, following which his vision started improving after 2 weeks. Possible mechanisms of development of stroke in the peri-operative period are discussed, but, even after extensive investigations, the etiology of infarct may be difficult to determine. Acute infarct after elective non-cardiac, non-neurological surgery is rare; it may not be possible to identify the etiology in all cases. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion to diagnose such unexpected complications even after routine surgical procedures in order to decrease the morbidity and long term sequelae.


Resumo O presente relato descreve um caso de acidente vascular cerebral perioperatório que resultou em diplopia e dificuldade de marcha no segundo dia após orquidopexia de rotina sob raquianestesia em um jovem, em outros aspectos, saudável. Ressonância magnética cerebral revelou infarto agudo em hemisférios cerebelares bilaterais, metade esquerda do bulbo e tálamo esquerdo. Um diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral agudo (infarto) foi feito e o paciente começou a receber tratamento com aspirina oral (75 mg.dia-1), após o qual sua visão começou a melhorar após duas semanas. Possíveis mecanismos de desenvolvimento de acidente vascular cerebral no período perioperatório são discutidos, mas, mesmo após extensas investigações, a etiologia do infarto pode ser difícil de determinar. O infarto agudo após cirurgia eletiva não cardíaca e não neurológica é raro; talvez não seja possível identificar a etiologia em todos os casos. Os médicos devem ter um elevado grau de suspeita para diagnosticar essas complicações inesperadas, mesmo após procedimentos cirúrgicos de rotina, para diminuir a morbidade e as sequelas em longo prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Cerebellum/blood supply , Brain Infarction/diagnosis , Brain Infarction/drug therapy , Orchiopexy , Anesthesia, Spinal
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 78(5): 364-367, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-976126

ABSTRACT

Presentamos dos casos de accidente cerebrovascular en sujetos con trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebeloso póstero-inferior. Caso 1: varón de 21 años, quien presentó ataxia y dismetría derecha luego de un traumatismo cervical en un partido de rugby. Caso 2: mujer de 56 años, quien inició con vértigo y hemiparesia izquierda luego de esfuerzo físico intenso. En ambos casos, los estudios angiográficos mostraron un trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebelosa póstero-inferior. Este vaso raramente se origina por debajo del foramen magno, en relación cercana con las primeras tres vértebras cervicales y la articulación atlanto-axial. En este nivel, está expuesta a daño mecánico causante de disección, como por ejemplo trauma directo, manipulación cervical abrupta o extensión cefálica prolongada. Por lo tanto, en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular de región lateral de bulbo y trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebelosa póstero-inferior se debería considerar esta asociación.


We present two cases of lateral medullary stroke in subjects with extracranial trajectory of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. Case 1: a 21-year-old male who presented ataxia and right dysmetria after cervical trauma in a rugby match. Case 2: 56-year-old woman, who started with vertigo and left hemiparesis after intense physical effort. In both cases, the angiographic studies showed an extracranial trajectory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. This vessel rarely originates below the foramen magnum, in close relationship with the first three cervical vertebrae and the atlanto-axial joint. At this level, it is exposed to mechanical damage causing dissection, such as direct trauma, abrupt cervical manipulation or prolonged cephalic extension. Therefore, this association should be considered in patients with stroke of the lateral region of the bulb and extracranial trajectory of the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/etiology , Cerebellum/blood supply , Posterior Cerebral Artery/injuries , Aortic Dissection/complications , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/pathology , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Cerebellum/injuries , Cerebellum/pathology , Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging , Posterior Cerebral Artery/pathology , Posterior Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Dissection/pathology , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1124-1127, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-157105

ABSTRACT

We report the first Korean patient with familial hemiplegic migraine type 1, with clinical and multimodal imaging findings. A 43-yr-old man was admitted for right hemianopia and aphasia, followed by coma. MRI showed only cerebellar atrophy. CT angiography showed mild vasodilation of intracranial blood vessels and increased vascularity in the left hemisphere and perfusion-weighted imaging showed elevated cerebral blood flow. Gene analysis of the patient and his mother led to the identification of a heterozygous point mutation (1997C-->T, T666M) in exon 16 of the CACNA1A gene. Familial hemiplegic migraine should be considered in patients with episodic neurological dysfunction with cerebellar atrophy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Asian People/genetics , Atrophy/genetics , Calcium Channels/genetics , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebral Angiography , Coma/diagnosis , Exons , Heterozygote , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Migraine with Aura/diagnosis , Point Mutation , Republic of Korea , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 28(1): 62-68, Jan.-Mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644125

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe and systematize the encephalic arterial vascularization of this reptile,by providing a standard irrigation model with its major variations. Thirty broad-snouted caiman heads andtwo whole specimens were used. The arterial system was filled with red-colored latex. Only a single source ofblood supply was observed in caimans and it originated from the left aortic arch. This vessel is called the azygoscarotid artery. At the caudal base of the skull, ventral to the first cervical vertebrae, it divided into two internalcarotid arteries. The internal carotid arteries divided into a rostral branch and a short caudal branch at thehypophysis level, which continued naturally as the caudal cerebral artery. The short caudal branch gave off itsmedium-caliber portion which, gave off the mesencephalic and the ventral rostral cerebellar arteries. Then thiscaudal branch anastomosed with its contralateral counterpart, forming the basilar artery. This artery followedthe ventral median fissure of the medulla oblongata, giving off the ventral caudal cerebellar and dorsal spinalarteries, and abandoning the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum as the ventral spinal artery. Therostral branch gave off the middle cerebral, rostral cerebral and rostral communicating arteries. The middlecerebral artery arose from a network originated from one to five collateral branches of the rostral branch of theinternal carotid artery. It was observed that the cerebral arterial circle was rostrally and caudally closed and,therefore, the cerebral blood supply was exclusively made by the carotid system.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arteries , Basilar Artery , Cerebellum/blood supply , Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology , Alligators and Crocodiles/physiology , Cerebral Veins/anatomy & histology , Alligators and Crocodiles/growth & development , Reptiles
9.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 29(1): 25-31, mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-585500

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Revisão crítica dos aspectos anatômicos da abordagem dos aneurismas da artéria cerebelar inferior posterior (ACIP); a abordagem extremo-lateral e os detalhes de suas variantes foram analisados. Métodos: Revisão da literatura e análise da experiência dos autores. Resultado: A abordagem extremo-lateral é a melhor abordagem cirúrgica para os aneurismas da ACIP. As indicações de by-pass e tratamento endovascular também devem ser consideradas. A principal complicação é a fístula de liquor, mas isquemia do tronco, hematoma de leito cirúrgico, contusão cerebelar, lesão dos nervos bulbares e instabilidade condilar também devem ser citadas. Conclusão: O conhecimento da anatomia microcirúrgica é fundamental na abordagem dos aneurismas da ACIP.


Objective: To review several aspects of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms regarding anatomy and approaches. Methods: A critical review of literature is performed with emphasis on the complications and surgical technical details. Results: the main approach advocated by the authors isthe far-lateral approach and its variants. The indications of by-pass with saphenous or radial artery graftand endovascular treatment are also considered. The main complication is cerebrospinal fluid leakage, but brain stem ischemia, surgical bed hematoma, venous infarction, cerebellar contusion, bulbar nerve damage, condylar instability must also be mentioned. Conclusion: Knowledge of microsurgical anatomy is fundamental for any kind of procedure regarding clipping of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. Endovascular treatment is a safe option in the majority of the cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebellar Diseases
13.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 396-400, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-43605

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the outcome of the endovascular treatment of eight patients with eight saccular posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over the last seven years (1999-2006), eight consecutive patients with saccular PICA aneurysms were treated by endovascular methods. Five of the aneurysms were presented with subarachnoid hemorrhaging, whereas three were discovered incidentally. Four of the aneurysms (3 ruptured and 1 incidental) were treated by intrasaccular coiling, whereas the remaining four (1 ruptured and 3 incidental) were treated by vertebral artery (VA) occlusion. RESULTS: Of the four aneurysms treated by intrasaccular coiling, three were completely packed with coils and one was partially packed. In three of four patients who underwent vertebral artery occlusions, follow-up digital subtraction angiographies demonstrated thrombosed aneurysms and PICA. No procedure-related morbidity occurred and no re-bleed was encountered during a follow-up examination (mean; 31 months). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, we found that the endovascular management of saccular PICA aneurysms should be considered as safe and effective.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebral Angiography , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Incidental Findings , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2b): 476-481, jun. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456856

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral no córtex cerebelar (4 sub-regiões) e no córtex pré-frontal, em repouso e durante uma tarefa motora. A amostra foi composta por 8 sujeitos saudáveis, ambos os sexos, entre 23 e 36 anos. O grupo foi submetido a tarefa visuo-motora (memória implícita) que consistia na ação de desviar um submarino de supostas minas que percorriam a tela do monitor. Para avaliar a perfusão, foi utilizado o método de análise semi-quantitativa para imagens de SPECT cerebral - 99mTc-ECD. Os resultados evidenciaram aumento de atividade nas áreas de interesse durante a realização da tarefa. Em conclusão, quatro sub-regiões do córtex cerebelar e ambos os hemisférios do córtex pré-frontal apontaram uma ativação simultânea durante a tarefa. Ainda, e conforme estudos prévios, nossos resultados sugerem um modo de operação em paralelo do sistema nervoso central, no intuito de integrar uma informação sensorial e motora.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cerebral blood flow in the cerebellar (4 sub-regions) and pre-frontal cortex, when subjects were in rest and during a motor task performance. The sample consisted of 8 healthy subjects, male or female, between 23 and 36 of age. The visuo-motor task _ implicit memory _ requires the subjects to navigate and swerve a graphic submarine from missiles that run on the screen. Semi-quantitative analysis with brain SPECT (99mTc-ECD) was used to evaluate regional perfusion. The results revealed an increased activity in all areas of interest during motor task. In conclusion, four sub-regions of cerebellar cortex and both pre-frontal hemispheres showed a simultaneous activation during task. Moreover, our findings suggest as seen in previous experiments that the central nervous system operates in a parallel fashion, in order to integrate sensory and motor information.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebral Cortex/blood supply , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Memory/physiology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Cerebellum , Cerebral Cortex , Cysteine/analogs & derivatives , Organotechnetium Compounds , Radiopharmaceuticals , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
15.
Middle East Journal of Emergency Medicine [The]. 2007; 7 (2): 98-100
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-119710
17.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-93497

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Complications following scorpion sting are common in India and can be fatal. Stroke following scorpion sting is a rare complication and can occur by various mechanisms such as hypertension, hypotension, DIC, myocarditis and venom-induced vasculitis. We present a rare case of extensive cerebellar infarction following scorpion sting, which has rarely been reported in medical literature. OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical profile of two patients presenting with an acute onset of cerebellar symptoms following a scorpion sting. To evaluate the possible causes of the stroke and to study the relation of their symptoms to the scorpion sting. METHODS: Two young women presented with a history of acute onset of dysarthria, ataxia and incoordination following scorpion sting. They did not have any known risk factors for stroke. They had cerebellar type of dysarthria and cerebellar signs on both sides along with incoordination. A CT-scan of the brain showed bilateral extensive cerebellar infarctions. They were investigated for other causes of stroke without any positive results. With treatment the patients made a gradual but complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Since there was no evidence of hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis or disseminated intravascular coagulation, we can conclude that the patients had suffered a thrombotic stroke caused by the vasculotoxic action of the scorpion venom.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Adult , Animals , Spider Bites/complications , Brain Infarction/etiology , Cerebellum/blood supply , Female , Humans , India , Scorpions , Spider Venoms/poisoning
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2b): 456-460, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433289

ABSTRACT

Este estudo apresenta o tratamento de 151 pacientes com infarto cerebelar, sendo 98 homeNs (65 por cento) e 53 mulheres (35 por cento), com média de idade de 62,4 anos. Hidrocefalia obstrutiva foi diagnosticada em 7,9 por cento dos pacientes associada com um infarto cerebelar extenso e em todos os 11 pacientes operados (7,2 por cento). Quatro pacientes foram submetidos a derivação ventricular externa com 3 óbitos (75 por cento) e 7 foram submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva suboccipital com 2 óbitos (28,5 por cento). A mortalidade no grupo clínico foi de 15 pacientes (10,7 por cento). Vertigem, vômito, sinal de Romberg e dismetria foram os sinais e sintomas de envolvimento cerebelar mais frequentemente observados. Infarto cerebelar devido a embolismo provocado por cirurgia cardiovascular ocorreu em 57 pacientes (37,7 por cento).Infarto cerebelar como fato isolado ocorreu em 59 pacientes (39 por cento) e infartos cerebelares associados a infartos de outras regiões ocorreram em 92 pacientes (61 por cento). A ressonância magnética foi o melhor método para o diagnóstico das lesões, embora a tomografia pôde mostrar infarto cerebelar em 68 pacientes (78 por cento).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Infarction , Cerebellar Diseases , Cerebellum/blood supply , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Brain Infarction/diagnosis , Brain Infarction/etiology , Brain Infarction/therapy , Craniotomy , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnosis , Cerebellar Diseases/etiology , Cerebellar Diseases/therapy , Heparin/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(2a): 335-338, jun. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-403035

ABSTRACT

A maioria dos aneurismas da artéria cerebelar posterior inferior (PICA) é geralmente encontrada na junção artéria vertebral (VA) - PICA. Aneurismas originando-se nos segmentos mais distais da PICA são considerados raros. A manifestação clínica em geral por hemorragia intracraniana, e o local desta está relacionado ao segmento que origina o aneurisma. Lesões localizadas em segmentos mais distais da PICA, em especial os originados do segmento telovelotonsilar, estão associados a hemorragias no sistema ventricular, particularmente no quarto ventrículo. Relatamos o caso de mulher de 50 anos de idade que desenvolveu quadro de cefaléia súbita e vômitos, com hemorragia nos quatro ventrículos, causada por ruptura de aneurisma localizado no segmento telovelotonsilar da PICA. Não havia sinais de hemorragia subaracnóidea na tomografia computadorizada de crânio. O aneurisma foi clipado e a paciente apresentou evolução favorável. Aspectos anatômicos e outras séries são revisados.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aneurysm, Ruptured/complications , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnosis , Aneurysm, Ruptured/surgery , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Cerebral Hemorrhage/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Rupture, Spontaneous , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3B): 882-884, set. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384146

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de um homem de 27 anos que procurou o pronto atendimento de um hospital com cefaléia intensa, vômitos e um episódio de perda de consciência. Uma tomografia de crânio foi normal e o paciente foi dispensado. Dez horas após, o paciente procurou o setor de emergência do nosso hospital com as mesmas queixas. Uma punção suboccipital tecnicamente dificultada pela ansiedade do paciente que se movimentou durante a coleta foi realizada evidenciando amostra de LCR levemente hemorrágico. A análise do LCR mostrou presença de 1600 hemácias íntegras sem aumento de leucócitos nem alterações bioquímicas. Houve piora acentuada da cefaléia e após 6 horas apresentou sonolência, torpor e sinais de descerebração. Nova tomografia mostrou sangue no espaço subaracnóideo e nos ventrículos. Uma angiografia realizada de emergência demonstrou laceração da artéria cerebelar póstero-inferior esquerda com a formação de um pseudoaneurisma. O paciente foi de imediato operado tendo sido realizada a clipagem do pseudoaneurisma com sucesso. Dezesseis dias após o paciente teve alta com exame neurológico normal.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Aneurysm, False/etiology , Cerebellum/blood supply , Lacerations/etiology , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Aneurysm, False/surgery , Arteries/injuries , Cerebral Angiography , Cisterna Magna , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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